??????×??????ù????????·??????÷?????ù???????÷?????????¨???????????ú?ü??????????——?????ì?????ì????????????°×????×?·?????×???????????±????ì??????°×???????ù??????????×???????????±???×???????????

??°×???è?????????????????????????ó×°??×????????è?????????????????÷?????????ú?ü??????????°×???é?ê????????°×??????????×???????????????°×?é??????????????°×??????????????????????±??????ó????????“?¤·??????á???±???±????·????×??”?¨??????????·???”?¨?????????·??????????°?????

??°×????????“?????????÷??”???÷??????????????±??????????????????÷????????????????°×???????????°?ê?????§?????????ê×????à????????±??¨???ú?ê?????????????????????÷???????à?±???????????????????á???????à??×??????÷?ò??·????????????????????é??????·??????????±??°×??????????×?????

?·???·??????????????“?????÷?????????????????é?????????à????????????

??????????°×?????????????é???é“?é?????????ü?÷????±????????ü??”?à?????????????????????????ê?????¨?????????I???¤±????é?????·???????±??±??·??

????????×÷????????“?????ò???????ê

ZS??????????°×·???????????????????????“?á°???·ò×???·??÷?ì????”???ù???????????????ì????????????±?????????·?????????????·???????????±±°??????à?ê??°×??????????·?“???????ú?????×?????????????à???????é??”?????????ú???ò??????????????——???×??????±?????????——?????????????ú??×ó????——?????¨???±???????ê????????×?°?????????????????????????????“??????±?”?????????????????é??·??????????????????????÷????????????????????

???·????±?????????±????±????????????????????????????±?“???¨????”?????????????ó????????????°×????????????“??±??ú?¨”??

??????????????×÷???????ì?????ó?÷??×?????±??·?ú?¨?????ú??????±??±?????????¨???????°??????????“?§??????”???ì????±??÷????

?????????ù?????????ü±?????±??????????÷?????ü?×?????÷??????“??·????°”?????????????????????????????ü????×??????????ì??

——??????°×??????“??”???ó

?????? “??”???ó×÷??°ü???????ó??????×??????ó??????????????????????°×??????????

????????×??????ó??????±?????“??”???ó?????????????à???????ù°ü????????·??§?????????ò?§±?????????????????“??”???ó??????????????°×???????é?????ú?ü??????±???????

°×??????“??”???ó?????ì???ó???????ü?????ù???°??????????????????????“??”???ó?à

??°×±?????“??”???ó?????????????à???????ù°ü????????·??§?????????ò?§±?????

????????????“??”???ó??????????????°×???????é?????ú?ü?????? ?????°??“??????????????????”????°×????????????????????????“??????????????

×??????????????????×??????????????????”?????????????±?????????è?????????????è×?

????????????????“??”???ó???????????ü?à???ó????????

“‘??’×??????¨?????????????±?????÷????” ??×?±????±×??????¨????±??????¤??

“????????????×??????¤??”??×????????????ú?·?ò?????±???÷?????±?????±????????????

??×??????????÷????????“??”?????ú???ú???è???????????í·???

?¨??°×???????????????????????????ù????????????×????????????ú±í??????????“??

??????”??“???á??????”??±?????????°×??????????????????“??”???ó?????è?????ó??

????±?????“??”???ó???í?à?????????????ú?????ú?????ó??????·????????????????é

“??”×÷??°ü???????ó??????×??????ó?????????????????????ú×????????è×??????????·

?à???è??“??”?????????ú?í“??”????????“?ó????????°×?????????ù??????????????·???”

“????”?à????????????±?????????????????×??·????????“?????????????????ò???????ù??”°??????·?????????????à?á????????“????”???????????×????é????°?à±????·????“????????????×??????¤??”????“??”?ù°ü???????§?é?????÷×???“???????¨,ò??ú?ú???????????÷,????????????”??????????????????????????????????????????×??????ú?ü????????????????×????????í????????????

?????ú?????ú?????????ú???????ù?????§?ê??????????????????×÷?????????ü???????????????????????????????????????????????????????ò×?±??÷??·?????????????“??”?????????????ù?????ú??????????????????????

?ò??????????????×?????????????????“??”?????????§?ê??“??”????×????????÷???????é????????×?·á??????????

“??”×????????à??×????????????à??????????°×????????°??????????°·?????????????????“??”????“??”??“?????ú???è?????????÷??????????????????ò????????????????ê??????·????ê???????à????????”???????????ó?????????????????????????é?????ò?á?é?á?????ò??×??ê?°??

“??·????ù???????¨?????¨???÷???±???????????????????°??·??à?°??·?????±?·??????????ù????????????????” ?¨??·??÷?ì???????????·??

“?????÷???ú???¨??” ?¨??????±????é???·??

“???????????????í???????????????÷????????????????” ?¨?????????????÷±±???·?? “°×??????????????°×?????é????????” ?¨?????ê???÷???????÷?·??

“?????????????????ì???????è????°????????×?????????????÷????????????·?????” ?¨?????????·??

“?ì?¤???????????????¨?÷??” ?¨???????????·??

“???????????????÷°×??·???”?¨???????è?·????????

“???????????????¨????????”?¨??±????????????·??

“???à??????±???????????????×????????¨?÷??·???????±????ì??????????” ?¨???????????·??

“??”?????????é????????×?????????±í?????ó???ü?????????????????????°??????????????????·??????????ó??????×??????????ù????“??”??????????????????·???????????????±??à????????×?????“??”???????????????????é×????????????×???????????????????? ???????÷???????????ú?ú?á???????????????????????·??????????“×?????‘?????????à?÷??????????’????‘??????????·??????????????ù??????×??ù??????????????·????è?§???????é??’·ò×?à°????????‘?á????????’”???????××????????ú?????§°??ó????×??·?????????????????÷????????×??÷×??????ò??×??·?????ü?????????????????÷???????????????¤???????????????????????????????è?§?¨????·??????·?¤?è???é???××????ó?¤????±í??×??????????????ò?????????????××????ú?????ò???????????????????????í????±????°?????????????????ó×??????°?ó°????????÷??????????????·????????????????????¨??“??”????????°????????????§??????????±??à???·??

??°×á?áà????????????·?????·??????ú·?×????á“????????”?????????????§???ó?????í??????????·????????????????????????????????±???ù?ù?????????ò?????????????????????¨????±????????é??“??”?????????????????????????????¨???????????????????????????à?????á???????à????????

??????“??”??????????????????°?×??????÷???é???±??×?????????×???????????????±?????????±????é??×??????????é????°×??×????ú?ü???????÷???ù??????????????????±?????????

??°×?????à??·??è??????×??°?? “??”???ó????????

“?????????????????ì??????±??÷????????????” ?¨?????????·??

“????×????ì???????ó???????????????????ò????·?????°×?¨?????÷??????”?¨???????????????ù?é???·??

“?÷??á?á???×??????????????ì???????????ò??????????????ì±×??????×??????????·×???????§?ê???????????????é?????????????é?¨???÷????????” ?¨???÷?????¨?è???¤??×??·??

“???????°?????????ó???÷??”?¨??????????±??·??

“?????????ú×????????????????¤?¨??·??÷?±?????§?????????????????ì??”?¨?????????????·??

“?ì??????????????±??????÷????????” ?¨?????ì?????·??

“??·?????????????°×???????????ó” ?¨???á?????ù?×?·??????

“??????????·????????ò?ì????±?????????°???????????????????????????”?¨???á?????ù?×?·??????

??????????×??°????????????“??”???ó???????????????è??????????×?????????????°×???è????????????????????????±?????????????????????±???????????????“?????????ì??????±??÷????????????” ?¨?????????·??????????“?????÷???????????????ò?????ú????”?¨???????????·????????????“?????????ì????” ?¨???÷?????¨?è???¤??×??·????????????“??????????????” ?¨??±±·????·????????????“???????ì×????????ò????????????”?¨???ù?á?????·?????????????????ì???????¨?????ì??????????????????????????????±?????×?×???????????????????????°××·?ó???ê×??°?????????????????????????ó??×?????±????ú?ü??????

??°××?????????“??”???ó????????×?????°×???ú??°?×?????????×???????×??????í??????±§×?????°?×??????÷???????é?????ú?ü????????×?????????????×???????×???·??????????ì??????????????????????????????°×???????????é????????

“??”???±?????????????????????ú?ü????????????????????±?????????“??????????×??????¤”????????°×±????????÷??×???“??”???ó?????????????ù?????±????????·???????°×???????????ú????????

“????×????é??°×?????÷???????¨???÷???????????à????”?¨????·??·???????? “???????????÷?????????÷??????????”?¨??°????????·??

“?????????¨?????????÷?????°?????ó?????????à???÷??????·????????ê?ê????????”?¨????·??·????°???

“??????????°??????????????????÷”?¨?????ê?è??±?·????·??

“?????????à???????????ò?????÷????”?¨???????ì???÷??±??·??

“???????÷?????ò?????¨????”?¨????·??·??????????

“???????ó???¤?????????à???÷±±?÷??”?¨???????÷?·??

“???????????????ì??????±??÷???????????????????????÷??±?°×·????????à??????????”?????????????ì?????????????????ú±?°§?????????§??????“?????????????????÷??????????×??????????ê???????????÷?????ù????????????????·????ú?·?à?????ì???á±????ú?·??????????×?±???????????????·???????±?????°§??????????°?°????§?????????????ú????????????????”???????????÷?????????????é?????????á??????????????×????????????¨???¨??????????°×???ú?????????????????????????????????????á???ò?????????ú?ü????????×??????ó??????????????°×????“??”???ó?ù???????±?????????????é???ù?????????????ú?ü????°?????????????????????×??????????ú?ü??????×????????????ú???????????ó??·???????

????????????°×???ú?·×??????????????ù???????????×?±?????????÷?ò???????ú???¤???ò??????°????ú??×÷×??????????????????????ú???????????????????±??????×??????????????é??????±?????“??”???ó??

“?????????????ò??????????” ?¨??????????±??·??

“????±?????????·????ú???????é??·?????????????????”?¨???????????·??

“?à??·??¤????·?×÷?????÷??????????????±??????????????ê???é?????ê?á????????” ?¨???????è?·??????

??????????±??·???à?é??“??????”????????×÷????×????????????????????é????×?±???°????????§???????????ü???????á????·????????????????ú???????í±????????????????ò???????????????????????????????????????¨????×????????????????????????í±??÷????????°??????×????????“??????”??×???????????×????????????é?????????è“??”?????é????????????“??”???????§±?????????????????????????????×????????????ì??????±??±????????

???ê???????????ú???????????à?è?ú?????????·?????????¨?????ó??????±??????ü?¨???ò??????????????±????ó??·????????¤?????????é????????????“??”????????????±??±?????ê??

“??°×????????????????°????¤?è?ù?????¨???????§???????°???×?????é??” ?¨???ù???×?·??

??????????????±?·???±?????????????????????——?÷??????????

???í??????±±???°?·????????°×???è“????????????????????????

?????ò??????”??

“?÷????”?????????ú?ú?????í???????????ú·?????·??????4??

????·????í????????“?÷????”??????????????????????????±???

??“???°??÷??°????????°×?·?÷?·”?¨?????ü?????·?????ò??????“??

??????????·?????????”?¨???¤?·???·?????ó??????????????????????

???????????·???á??????????????????????????“??×???”??????

?ù????“??×???”????????????????“?÷????”?????ó?????????ê??

???????×?????°?·???á????“????×???”????????????????????“?÷

????”??×????????á??“?÷????”?????????????ò????????????·?

?????????????ü???è?·????????“???ê???????????÷????·¨???à??

???????ü??°?????”?????§??????????????×÷?ê?????÷?????ú???à

°??°?????????????¨???????????????·????????“???????????÷?é

‘?×???§?ò??????????????’????×????????¤??‘???????°??±±????

???è????????·?’??????×????????????????????????÷?????ú??”

[1]??????“?÷????”???????????·?????????ó????????“?÷????”

2??°×???è??“?÷????”

?????ì????????????????????°×???????????????????ù??“?÷??

?ù??±?“?÷??±?”????·¨?á????????×÷·¨????°???????“?÷??”??

·???????????????????“??±?”?á??????°???????“??±?”??·?×÷

3??°×?à??“?÷????”?????ò????

×???“???ú??????????”?¨???????????????ù?é???·??????????“???±

??????·??°??×????ì???????è”?¨???ù?????????????????·????????

“???????ú?????×????”??“???ú?¤????????”?¨?????????ù?·????????

???ó???????????÷?????±???ú?ü?????·—???????±??????±ù??????

?????¤?????????×?????????ù??“?í?????í?ú???????í???????ù??

?????????÷????????“?????°?????????????ú??????????”?¨??????

?????????ù?é???·????“??????????????????????”?¨?????????????·????

“?????????????§??·??¤?°”?¨?????????????·???????????????ú??????

??????????×·?ó??????????????“?÷????”??

???à???ü???????é????“????”????±?·????????¤?????????¨????

????“???ù???é????????????×?????????????×÷????±???????°×??

?????????????????????ù?¤”?¨???????????????·??????°×?·????????

????°??????????????????????????????????????÷??????“?÷????”??

??????°?í??????????????????????????????ê?ó??????????????“??

?????????????ì??????±??÷??????????”?¨?????????·????“???é????

?????????é?¨??????????”?¨???÷?????¨?è???¤??×??·????“°????±??

????°???????·?”?¨??°??????·???????¨??“??·??????ì??????°×????

???????ó”??“????°?????????????????????????”??“???¨????????

?????????????é????”?¨???á?????ù?×?·??????????“·??????÷?ù?úò???

?é??×????ò???×”?¨?????????·????“·??÷?±?????§????????????????

?ì”?¨?????????????·????“?°??·??à?°??·?????±?·?”?¨??·??÷?ì????

???????·????????“????????????±?×??à????”?¨?????·á°?????¤?ù×?

????×ù?????????·????“?????????¨????í????é??”?¨???????????·????“?ò

???????í±??????à?ì?????÷????”?¨????????????????×??????·??????

??°×?ú???????ú?????±????????“?????ú”??“°??è??”???????í????±??ú???????????í????·??·???????ó??????????·??????????±?ú??·±?????ó???????????ú?????????????????ù????°???±í?????????¨?ó??·?????????????×·?ó×??????í?????????????????????????????????ó???????????????????é?????????????°???????????????÷?ì????????????????·????????ì?÷????????·?????????????·??????????????ú???ú?????????÷?????è????????·????????ü?§?×??????????°×???·?????????????÷?????è???ú±í??????

??????×??????ù????????·??????÷?????ù???????÷?????????¨???????????ú?ü??????????——?????ì?????ì????????????°×????×?·?????×???????????±????ì??????°×???????ù??????????×???????????±???×???????????

??°×???è?????????????????????????ó×°??×????????è?????????????????÷?????????ú?ü??????????°×???é?ê????????°×??????????×???????????????°×?é??????????????°×??????????????????????±??????ó????????“?¤·??????á???±???±????·????×??”?¨??????????·???”?¨?????????·??????????°?????

??°×????????“?????????÷??”???÷??????????????±??????????????????÷????????????????°×???????????°?ê?????§?????????ê×????à????????±??¨???ú?ê?????????????????????÷???????à?±???????????????????á???????à??×??????÷?ò??·????????????????????é??????·??????????±??°×??????????×?????

?·???·??????????????“?????÷?????????????????é?????????à????????????

??????????°×?????????????é???é“?é?????????ü?÷????±????????ü??”?à?????????????????????????ê?????¨?????????I???¤±????é?????·???????±??±??·??

????????×÷????????“?????ò???????ê

ZS??????????°×·???????????????????????“?á°???·ò×???·??÷?ì????”???ù???????????????ì????????????±?????????·?????????????·???????????±±°??????à?ê??°×??????????·?“???????ú?????×?????????????à???????é??”?????????ú???ò??????????????——???×??????±?????????——?????????????ú??×ó????——?????¨???±???????ê????????×?°?????????????????????????????“??????±?”?????????????????é??·??????????????????????÷????????????????????

???·????±?????????±????±????????????????????????????±?“???¨????”?????????????ó????????????°×????????????“??±??ú?¨”??

??????????????×÷???????ì?????ó?÷??×?????±??·?ú?¨?????ú??????±??±?????????¨???????°??????????“?§??????”???ì????±??÷????

?????????ù?????????ü±?????±??????????÷?????ü?×?????÷??????“??·????°”?????????????????????????????ü????×??????????ì??

——??????°×??????“??”???ó

?????? “??”???ó×÷??°ü???????ó??????×??????ó??????????????????????°×??????????

????????×??????ó??????±?????“??”???ó?????????????à???????ù°ü????????·??§?????????ò?§±?????????????????“??”???ó??????????????°×???????é?????ú?ü??????±???????

°×??????“??”???ó?????ì???ó???????ü?????ù???°??????????????????????“??”???ó?à

??°×±?????“??”???ó?????????????à???????ù°ü????????·??§?????????ò?§±?????

????????????“??”???ó??????????????°×???????é?????ú?ü?????? ?????°??“??????????????????”????°×????????????????????????“??????????????

×??????????????????×??????????????????”?????????????±?????????è?????????????è×?

????????????????“??”???ó???????????ü?à???ó????????

“‘??’×??????¨?????????????±?????÷????” ??×?±????±×??????¨????±??????¤??

“????????????×??????¤??”??×????????????ú?·?ò?????±???÷?????±?????±????????????

??×??????????÷????????“??”?????ú???ú???è???????????í·???

?¨??°×???????????????????????????ù????????????×????????????ú±í??????????“??

??????”??“???á??????”??±?????????°×??????????????????“??”???ó?????è?????ó??

????±?????“??”???ó???í?à?????????????ú?????ú?????ó??????·????????????????é

“??”×÷??°ü???????ó??????×??????ó?????????????????????ú×????????è×??????????·

?à???è??“??”?????????ú?í“??”????????“?ó????????°×?????????ù??????????????·???”

“????”?à????????????±?????????????????×??·????????“?????????????????ò???????ù??”°??????·?????????????à?á????????“????”???????????×????é????°?à±????·????“????????????×??????¤??”????“??”?ù°ü???????§?é?????÷×???“???????¨,ò??ú?ú???????????÷,????????????”??????????????????????????????????????????×??????ú?ü????????????????×????????í????????????

?????ú?????ú?????????ú???????ù?????§?ê??????????????????×÷?????????ü???????????????????????????????????????????????????????ò×?±??÷??·?????????????“??”?????????????ù?????ú??????????????????????

?ò??????????????×?????????????????“??”?????????§?ê??“??”????×????????÷???????é????????×?·á??????????

“??”×????????à??×????????????à??????????°×????????°??????????°·?????????????????“??”????“??”??“?????ú???è?????????÷??????????????????ò????????????????ê??????·????ê???????à????????”???????????ó?????????????????????????é?????ò?á?é?á?????ò??×??ê?°??

“??·????ù???????¨?????¨???÷???±???????????????????°??·??à?°??·?????±?·??????????ù????????????????” ?¨??·??÷?ì???????????·??

“?????÷???ú???¨??” ?¨??????±????é???·??

“???????????????í???????????????÷????????????????” ?¨?????????????÷±±???·?? “°×??????????????°×?????é????????” ?¨?????ê???÷???????÷?·??

“?????????????????ì???????è????°????????×?????????????÷????????????·?????” ?¨?????????·??

“?ì?¤???????????????¨?÷??” ?¨???????????·??

“???????????????÷°×??·???”?¨???????è?·????????

“???????????????¨????????”?¨??±????????????·??

“???à??????±???????????????×????????¨?÷??·???????±????ì??????????” ?¨???????????·??

“??”?????????é????????×?????????±í?????ó???ü?????????????????????°??????????????????·??????????ó??????×??????????ù????“??”??????????????????·???????????????±??à????????×?????“??”???????????????????é×????????????×???????????????????? ???????÷???????????ú?ú?á???????????????????????·??????????“×?????‘?????????à?÷??????????’????‘??????????·??????????????ù??????×??ù??????????????·????è?§???????é??’·ò×?à°????????‘?á????????’”???????××????????ú?????§°??ó????×??·?????????????????÷????????×??÷×??????ò??×??·?????ü?????????????????÷???????????????¤???????????????????????????????è?§?¨????·??????·?¤?è???é???××????ó?¤????±í??×??????????????ò?????????????××????ú?????ò???????????????????????í????±????°?????????????????ó×??????°?ó°????????÷??????????????·????????????????????¨??“??”????????°????????????§??????????±??à???·??

??°×á?áà????????????·?????·??????ú·?×????á“????????”?????????????§???ó?????í??????????·????????????????????????????????±???ù?ù?????????ò?????????????????????¨????±????????é??“??”?????????????????????????????¨???????????????????????????à?????á???????à????????

??????“??”??????????????????°?×??????÷???é???±??×?????????×???????????????±?????????±????é??×??????????é????°×??×????ú?ü???????÷???ù??????????????????±?????????

??°×?????à??·??è??????×??°?? “??”???ó????????

“?????????????????ì??????±??÷????????????” ?¨?????????·??

“????×????ì???????ó???????????????????ò????·?????°×?¨?????÷??????”?¨???????????????ù?é???·??

“?÷??á?á???×??????????????ì???????????ò??????????????ì±×??????×??????????·×???????§?ê???????????????é?????????????é?¨???÷????????” ?¨???÷?????¨?è???¤??×??·??

“???????°?????????ó???÷??”?¨??????????±??·??

“?????????ú×????????????????¤?¨??·??÷?±?????§?????????????????ì??”?¨?????????????·??

“?ì??????????????±??????÷????????” ?¨?????ì?????·??

“??·?????????????°×???????????ó” ?¨???á?????ù?×?·??????

“??????????·????????ò?ì????±?????????°???????????????????????????”?¨???á?????ù?×?·??????

??????????×??°????????????“??”???ó???????????????è??????????×?????????????°×???è????????????????????????±?????????????????????±???????????????“?????????ì??????±??÷????????????” ?¨?????????·??????????“?????÷???????????????ò?????ú????”?¨???????????·????????????“?????????ì????” ?¨???÷?????¨?è???¤??×??·????????????“??????????????” ?¨??±±·????·????????????“???????ì×????????ò????????????”?¨???ù?á?????·?????????????????ì???????¨?????ì??????????????????????????????±?????×?×???????????????????????°××·?ó???ê×??°?????????????????????????ó??×?????±????ú?ü??????

??°××?????????“??”???ó????????×?????°×???ú??°?×?????????×???????×??????í??????±§×?????°?×??????÷???????é?????ú?ü????????×?????????????×???????×???·??????????ì??????????????????????????????°×???????????é????????

“??”???±?????????????????????ú?ü????????????????????±?????????“??????????×??????¤”????????°×±????????÷??×???“??”???ó?????????????ù?????±????????·???????°×???????????ú????????

“????×????é??°×?????÷???????¨???÷???????????à????”?¨????·??·???????? “???????????÷?????????÷??????????”?¨??°????????·??

“?????????¨?????????÷?????°?????ó?????????à???÷??????·????????ê?ê????????”?¨????·??·????°???

“??????????°??????????????????÷”?¨?????ê?è??±?·????·??

“?????????à???????????ò?????÷????”?¨???????ì???÷??±??·??

“???????÷?????ò?????¨????”?¨????·??·??????????

“???????ó???¤?????????à???÷±±?÷??”?¨???????÷?·??

“???????????????ì??????±??÷???????????????????????÷??±?°×·????????à??????????”?????????????ì?????????????????ú±?°§?????????§??????“?????????????????÷??????????×??????????ê???????????÷?????ù????????????????·????ú?·?à?????ì???á±????ú?·??????????×?±???????????????·???????±?????°§??????????°?°????§?????????????ú????????????????”???????????÷?????????????é?????????á??????????????×????????????¨???¨??????????°×???ú?????????????????????????????????????á???ò?????????ú?ü????????×??????ó??????????????°×????“??”???ó?ù???????±?????????????é???ù?????????????ú?ü????°?????????????????????×??????????ú?ü??????×????????????ú???????????ó??·???????

????????????°×???ú?·×??????????????ù???????????×?±?????????÷?ò???????ú???¤???ò??????°????ú??×÷×??????????????????????ú???????????????????±??????×??????????????é??????±?????“??”???ó??

“?????????????ò??????????” ?¨??????????±??·??

“????±?????????·????ú???????é??·?????????????????”?¨???????????·??

“?à??·??¤????·?×÷?????÷??????????????±??????????????ê???é?????ê?á????????” ?¨???????è?·??????

??????????±??·???à?é??“??????”????????×÷????×????????????????????é????×?±???°????????§???????????ü???????á????·????????????????ú???????í±????????????????ò???????????????????????????????????????¨????×????????????????????????í±??÷????????°??????×????????“??????”??×???????????×????????????é?????????è“??”?????é????????????“??”???????§±?????????????????????????????×????????????ì??????±??±????????

???ê???????????ú???????????à?è?ú?????????·?????????¨?????ó??????±??????ü?¨???ò??????????????±????ó??·????????¤?????????é????????????“??”????????????±??±?????ê??

“??°×????????????????°????¤?è?ù?????¨???????§???????°???×?????é??” ?¨???ù???×?·??

??????????????±?·???±?????????????????????——?÷??????????

???í??????±±???°?·????????°×???è“????????????????????????

?????ò??????”??

“?÷????”?????????ú?ú?????í???????????ú·?????·??????4??

????·????í????????“?÷????”??????????????????????????±???

??“???°??÷??°????????°×?·?÷?·”?¨?????ü?????·?????ò??????“??

??????????·?????????”?¨???¤?·???·?????ó??????????????????????

???????????·???á??????????????????????????“??×???”??????

?ù????“??×???”????????????????“?÷????”?????ó?????????ê??

???????×?????°?·???á????“????×???”????????????????????“?÷

????”??×????????á??“?÷????”?????????????ò????????????·?

?????????????ü???è?·????????“???ê???????????÷????·¨???à??

???????ü??°?????”?????§??????????????×÷?ê?????÷?????ú???à

°??°?????????????¨???????????????·????????“???????????÷?é

‘?×???§?ò??????????????’????×????????¤??‘???????°??±±????

???è????????·?’??????×????????????????????????÷?????ú??”

[1]??????“?÷????”???????????·?????????ó????????“?÷????”

2??°×???è??“?÷????”

?????ì????????????????????°×???????????????????ù??“?÷??

?ù??±?“?÷??±?”????·¨?á????????×÷·¨????°???????“?÷??”??

·???????????????????“??±?”?á??????°???????“??±?”??·?×÷

3??°×?à??“?÷????”?????ò????

×???“???ú??????????”?¨???????????????ù?é???·??????????“???±

??????·??°??×????ì???????è”?¨???ù?????????????????·????????

“???????ú?????×????”??“???ú?¤????????”?¨?????????ù?·????????

???ó???????????÷?????±???ú?ü?????·—???????±??????±ù??????

?????¤?????????×?????????ù??“?í?????í?ú???????í???????ù??

?????????÷????????“?????°?????????????ú??????????”?¨??????

?????????ù?é???·????“??????????????????????”?¨?????????????·????

“?????????????§??·??¤?°”?¨?????????????·???????????????ú??????

??????????×·?ó??????????????“?÷????”??

???à???ü???????é????“????”????±?·????????¤?????????¨????

????“???ù???é????????????×?????????????×÷????±???????°×??

?????????????????????ù?¤”?¨???????????????·??????°×?·????????

????°??????????????????????????????????????÷??????“?÷????”??

??????°?í??????????????????????????????ê?ó??????????????“??

?????????????ì??????±??÷??????????”?¨?????????·????“???é????

?????????é?¨??????????”?¨???÷?????¨?è???¤??×??·????“°????±??

????°???????·?”?¨??°??????·???????¨??“??·??????ì??????°×????

???????ó”??“????°?????????????????????????”??“???¨????????

?????????????é????”?¨???á?????ù?×?·??????????“·??????÷?ù?úò???

?é??×????ò???×”?¨?????????·????“·??÷?±?????§????????????????

?ì”?¨?????????????·????“?°??·??à?°??·?????±?·?”?¨??·??÷?ì????

???????·????????“????????????±?×??à????”?¨?????·á°?????¤?ù×?

????×ù?????????·????“?????????¨????í????é??”?¨???????????·????“?ò

???????í±??????à?ì?????÷????”?¨????????????????×??????·??????

??°×?ú???????ú?????±????????“?????ú”??“°??è??”???????í????±??ú???????????í????·??·???????ó??????????·??????????±?ú??·±?????ó???????????ú?????????????????ù????°???±í?????????¨?ó??·?????????????×·?ó×??????í?????????????????????????????????ó???????????????????é?????????????°???????????????÷?ì????????????????·????????ì?÷????????·?????????????·??????????????ú???ú?????????÷?????è????????·????????ü?§?×??????????°×???·?????????????÷?????è???ú±í??????

??????×??????ù????????·??????÷?????ù???????÷?????????¨???????????ú?ü??????????——?????ì?????ì????????????°×????×?·?????×???????????±????ì??????°×???????ù??????????×???????????±???×???????????

??°×???è?????????????????????????ó×°??×????????è?????????????????÷?????????ú?ü??????????°×???é?ê????????°×??????????×???????????????°×?é??????????????°×??????????????????????±??????ó????????“?¤·??????á???±???±????·????×??”?¨??????????·???”?¨?????????·??????????°?????

??°×????????“?????????÷??”???÷??????????????±??????????????????÷????????????????°×???????????°?ê?????§?????????ê×????à????????±??¨???ú?ê?????????????????????÷???????à?±???????????????????á???????à??×??????÷?ò??·????????????????????é??????·??????????±??°×??????????×?????

?·???·??????????????“?????÷?????????????????é?????????à????????????

??????????°×?????????????é???é“?é?????????ü?÷????±????????ü??”?à?????????????????????????ê?????¨?????????I???¤±????é?????·???????±??±??·??

????????×÷????????“?????ò???????ê

ZS??????????°×·???????????????????????“?á°???·ò×???·??÷?ì????”???ù???????????????ì????????????±?????????·?????????????·???????????±±°??????à?ê??°×??????????·?“???????ú?????×?????????????à???????é??”?????????ú???ò??????????????——???×??????±?????????——?????????????ú??×ó????——?????¨???±???????ê????????×?°?????????????????????????????“??????±?”?????????????????é??·??????????????????????÷????????????????????

???·????±?????????±????±????????????????????????????±?“???¨????”?????????????ó????????????°×????????????“??±??ú?¨”??

??????????????×÷???????ì?????ó?÷??×?????±??·?ú?¨?????ú??????±??±?????????¨???????°??????????“?§??????”???ì????±??÷????

?????????ù?????????ü±?????±??????????÷?????ü?×?????÷??????“??·????°”?????????????????????????????ü????×??????????ì??

——??????°×??????“??”???ó

?????? “??”???ó×÷??°ü???????ó??????×??????ó??????????????????????°×??????????

????????×??????ó??????±?????“??”???ó?????????????à???????ù°ü????????·??§?????????ò?§±?????????????????“??”???ó??????????????°×???????é?????ú?ü??????±???????

°×??????“??”???ó?????ì???ó???????ü?????ù???°??????????????????????“??”???ó?à

??°×±?????“??”???ó?????????????à???????ù°ü????????·??§?????????ò?§±?????

????????????“??”???ó??????????????°×???????é?????ú?ü?????? ?????°??“??????????????????”????°×????????????????????????“??????????????

×??????????????????×??????????????????”?????????????±?????????è?????????????è×?

????????????????“??”???ó???????????ü?à???ó????????

“‘??’×??????¨?????????????±?????÷????” ??×?±????±×??????¨????±??????¤??

“????????????×??????¤??”??×????????????ú?·?ò?????±???÷?????±?????±????????????

??×??????????÷????????“??”?????ú???ú???è???????????í·???

?¨??°×???????????????????????????ù????????????×????????????ú±í??????????“??

??????”??“???á??????”??±?????????°×??????????????????“??”???ó?????è?????ó??

????±?????“??”???ó???í?à?????????????ú?????ú?????ó??????·????????????????é

“??”×÷??°ü???????ó??????×??????ó?????????????????????ú×????????è×??????????·

?à???è??“??”?????????ú?í“??”????????“?ó????????°×?????????ù??????????????·???”

“????”?à????????????±?????????????????×??·????????“?????????????????ò???????ù??”°??????·?????????????à?á????????“????”???????????×????é????°?à±????·????“????????????×??????¤??”????“??”?ù°ü???????§?é?????÷×???“???????¨,ò??ú?ú???????????÷,????????????”??????????????????????????????????????????×??????ú?ü????????????????×????????í????????????

?????ú?????ú?????????ú???????ù?????§?ê??????????????????×÷?????????ü???????????????????????????????????????????????????????ò×?±??÷??·?????????????“??”?????????????ù?????ú??????????????????????

?ò??????????????×?????????????????“??”?????????§?ê??“??”????×????????÷???????é????????×?·á??????????

“??”×????????à??×????????????à??????????°×????????°??????????°·?????????????????“??”????“??”??“?????ú???è?????????÷??????????????????ò????????????????ê??????·????ê???????à????????”???????????ó?????????????????????????é?????ò?á?é?á?????ò??×??ê?°??

“??·????ù???????¨?????¨???÷???±???????????????????°??·??à?°??·?????±?·??????????ù????????????????” ?¨??·??÷?ì???????????·??

“?????÷???ú???¨??” ?¨??????±????é???·??

“???????????????í???????????????÷????????????????” ?¨?????????????÷±±???·?? “°×??????????????°×?????é????????” ?¨?????ê???÷???????÷?·??

“?????????????????ì???????è????°????????×?????????????÷????????????·?????” ?¨?????????·??

“?ì?¤???????????????¨?÷??” ?¨???????????·??

“???????????????÷°×??·???”?¨???????è?·????????

“???????????????¨????????”?¨??±????????????·??

“???à??????±???????????????×????????¨?÷??·???????±????ì??????????” ?¨???????????·??

“??”?????????é????????×?????????±í?????ó???ü?????????????????????°??????????????????·??????????ó??????×??????????ù????“??”??????????????????·???????????????±??à????????×?????“??”???????????????????é×????????????×???????????????????? ???????÷???????????ú?ú?á???????????????????????·??????????“×?????‘?????????à?÷??????????’????‘??????????·??????????????ù??????×??ù??????????????·????è?§???????é??’·ò×?à°????????‘?á????????’”???????××????????ú?????§°??ó????×??·?????????????????÷????????×??÷×??????ò??×??·?????ü?????????????????÷???????????????¤???????????????????????????????è?§?¨????·??????·?¤?è???é???××????ó?¤????±í??×??????????????ò?????????????××????ú?????ò???????????????????????í????±????°?????????????????ó×??????°?ó°????????÷??????????????·????????????????????¨??“??”????????°????????????§??????????±??à???·??

??°×á?áà????????????·?????·??????ú·?×????á“????????”?????????????§???ó?????í??????????·????????????????????????????????±???ù?ù?????????ò?????????????????????¨????±????????é??“??”?????????????????????????????¨???????????????????????????à?????á???????à????????

??????“??”??????????????????°?×??????÷???é???±??×?????????×???????????????±?????????±????é??×??????????é????°×??×????ú?ü???????÷???ù??????????????????±?????????

??°×?????à??·??è??????×??°?? “??”???ó????????

“?????????????????ì??????±??÷????????????” ?¨?????????·??

“????×????ì???????ó???????????????????ò????·?????°×?¨?????÷??????”?¨???????????????ù?é???·??

“?÷??á?á???×??????????????ì???????????ò??????????????ì±×??????×??????????·×???????§?ê???????????????é?????????????é?¨???÷????????” ?¨???÷?????¨?è???¤??×??·??

“???????°?????????ó???÷??”?¨??????????±??·??

“?????????ú×????????????????¤?¨??·??÷?±?????§?????????????????ì??”?¨?????????????·??

“?ì??????????????±??????÷????????” ?¨?????ì?????·??

“??·?????????????°×???????????ó” ?¨???á?????ù?×?·??????

“??????????·????????ò?ì????±?????????°???????????????????????????”?¨???á?????ù?×?·??????

??????????×??°????????????“??”???ó???????????????è??????????×?????????????°×???è????????????????????????±?????????????????????±???????????????“?????????ì??????±??÷????????????” ?¨?????????·??????????“?????÷???????????????ò?????ú????”?¨???????????·????????????“?????????ì????” ?¨???÷?????¨?è???¤??×??·????????????“??????????????” ?¨??±±·????·????????????“???????ì×????????ò????????????”?¨???ù?á?????·?????????????????ì???????¨?????ì??????????????????????????????±?????×?×???????????????????????°××·?ó???ê×??°?????????????????????????ó??×?????±????ú?ü??????

??°××?????????“??”???ó????????×?????°×???ú??°?×?????????×???????×??????í??????±§×?????°?×??????÷???????é?????ú?ü????????×?????????????×???????×???·??????????ì??????????????????????????????°×???????????é????????

“??”???±?????????????????????ú?ü????????????????????±?????????“??????????×??????¤”????????°×±????????÷??×???“??”???ó?????????????ù?????±????????·???????°×???????????ú????????

“????×????é??°×?????÷???????¨???÷???????????à????”?¨????·??·???????? “???????????÷?????????÷??????????”?¨??°????????·??

“?????????¨?????????÷?????°?????ó?????????à???÷??????·????????ê?ê????????”?¨????·??·????°???

“??????????°??????????????????÷”?¨?????ê?è??±?·????·??

“?????????à???????????ò?????÷????”?¨???????ì???÷??±??·??

“???????÷?????ò?????¨????”?¨????·??·??????????

“???????ó???¤?????????à???÷±±?÷??”?¨???????÷?·??

“???????????????ì??????±??÷???????????????????????÷??±?°×·????????à??????????”?????????????ì?????????????????ú±?°§?????????§??????“?????????????????÷??????????×??????????ê???????????÷?????ù????????????????·????ú?·?à?????ì???á±????ú?·??????????×?±???????????????·???????±?????°§??????????°?°????§?????????????ú????????????????”???????????÷?????????????é?????????á??????????????×????????????¨???¨??????????°×???ú?????????????????????????????????????á???ò?????????ú?ü????????×??????ó??????????????°×????“??”???ó?ù???????±?????????????é???ù?????????????ú?ü????°?????????????????????×??????????ú?ü??????×????????????ú???????????ó??·???????

????????????°×???ú?·×??????????????ù???????????×?±?????????÷?ò???????ú???¤???ò??????°????ú??×÷×??????????????????????ú???????????????????±??????×??????????????é??????±?????“??”???ó??

“?????????????ò??????????” ?¨??????????±??·??

“????±?????????·????ú???????é??·?????????????????”?¨???????????·??

“?à??·??¤????·?×÷?????÷??????????????±??????????????ê???é?????ê?á????????” ?¨???????è?·??????

??????????±??·???à?é??“??????”????????×÷????×????????????????????é????×?±???°????????§???????????ü???????á????·????????????????ú???????í±????????????????ò???????????????????????????????????????¨????×????????????????????????í±??÷????????°??????×????????“??????”??×???????????×????????????é?????????è“??”?????é????????????“??”???????§±?????????????????????????????×????????????ì??????±??±????????

???ê???????????ú???????????à?è?ú?????????·?????????¨?????ó??????±??????ü?¨???ò??????????????±????ó??·????????¤?????????é????????????“??”????????????±??±?????ê??

“??°×????????????????°????¤?è?ù?????¨???????§???????°???×?????é??” ?¨???ù???×?·??

??????????????±?·???±?????????????????????——?÷??????????

???í??????±±???°?·????????°×???è“????????????????????????

?????ò??????”??

“?÷????”?????????ú?ú?????í???????????ú·?????·??????4??

????·????í????????“?÷????”??????????????????????????±???

??“???°??÷??°????????°×?·?÷?·”?¨?????ü?????·?????ò??????“??

??????????·?????????”?¨???¤?·???·?????ó??????????????????????

???????????·???á??????????????????????????“??×???”??????

?ù????“??×???”????????????????“?÷????”?????ó?????????ê??

???????×?????°?·???á????“????×???”????????????????????“?÷

????”??×????????á??“?÷????”?????????????ò????????????·?

?????????????ü???è?·????????“???ê???????????÷????·¨???à??

???????ü??°?????”?????§??????????????×÷?ê?????÷?????ú???à

°??°?????????????¨???????????????·????????“???????????÷?é

‘?×???§?ò??????????????’????×????????¤??‘???????°??±±????

???è????????·?’??????×????????????????????????÷?????ú??”

[1]??????“?÷????”???????????·?????????ó????????“?÷????”

2??°×???è??“?÷????”

?????ì????????????????????°×???????????????????ù??“?÷??

?ù??±?“?÷??±?”????·¨?á????????×÷·¨????°???????“?÷??”??

·???????????????????“??±?”?á??????°???????“??±?”??·?×÷

3??°×?à??“?÷????”?????ò????

×???“???ú??????????”?¨???????????????ù?é???·??????????“???±

??????·??°??×????ì???????è”?¨???ù?????????????????·????????

“???????ú?????×????”??“???ú?¤????????”?¨?????????ù?·????????

???ó???????????÷?????±???ú?ü?????·—???????±??????±ù??????

?????¤?????????×?????????ù??“?í?????í?ú???????í???????ù??

?????????÷????????“?????°?????????????ú??????????”?¨??????

?????????ù?é???·????“??????????????????????”?¨?????????????·????

“?????????????§??·??¤?°”?¨?????????????·???????????????ú??????

??????????×·?ó??????????????“?÷????”??

???à???ü???????é????“????”????±?·????????¤?????????¨????

????“???ù???é????????????×?????????????×÷????±???????°×??

?????????????????????ù?¤”?¨???????????????·??????°×?·????????

????°??????????????????????????????????????÷??????“?÷????”??

??????°?í??????????????????????????????ê?ó??????????????“??

?????????????ì??????±??÷??????????”?¨?????????·????“???é????

?????????é?¨??????????”?¨???÷?????¨?è???¤??×??·????“°????±??

????°???????·?”?¨??°??????·???????¨??“??·??????ì??????°×????

???????ó”??“????°?????????????????????????”??“???¨????????

?????????????é????”?¨???á?????ù?×?·??????????“·??????÷?ù?úò???

?é??×????ò???×”?¨?????????·????“·??÷?±?????§????????????????

?ì”?¨?????????????·????“?°??·??à?°??·?????±?·?”?¨??·??÷?ì????

???????·????????“????????????±?×??à????”?¨?????·á°?????¤?ù×?

????×ù?????????·????“?????????¨????í????é??”?¨???????????·????“?ò

???????í±??????à?ì?????÷????”?¨????????????????×??????·??????

??°×?ú???????ú?????±????????“?????ú”??“°??è??”???????í????±??ú???????????í????·??·???????ó??????????·??????????±?ú??·±?????ó???????????ú?????????????????ù????°???±í?????????¨?ó??·?????????????×·?ó×??????í?????????????????????????????????ó???????????????????é?????????????°???????????????÷?ì????????????????·????????ì?÷????????·?????????????·??????????????ú???ú?????????÷?????è????????·????????ü?§?×??????????°×???·?????????????÷?????è???ú±í??????