57Two CuCCo sulfide phases and contrasting fluid systems in the Katanga Copperbelt,-第4页
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57Two CuCCo sulfide phases and contrasting fluid systems in the Katanga Copperbelt,-4
330H.A.ElDesoukyetal./Or；hydrothermal?uidwithahig；Areviewoftheavailablemic；ThePh.D.researchofHamdyE；Annels,A.E.,1989.Oregene；thenorthernsectoroftheCh；Armstrong,R.A.,Master,S.；const
330H.A.ElDesoukyetal./OreGeologyReviews36(hydrothermal?uidwithahightemperature(～270to385°C)andsalinity(35to45.5wt.%NaClequiv.).Thehighsalinityofthis?uidcouldberelatedtotheevaporitedissolutionduringtheLu?lianOrogeny(～592C512Ma),whileitstemperaturecouldberelatedtoadeepbasinaloriginorsyn-orogenicmetamorphism.Thecirculationofthis?uidwaslikelyfacilitatedbytheorogenicstructures,e.g.,faults,fracturesandbrecciazones.WhenthetwoCuCCophasesco-occuratoneplace,the?uidofthesecondphasecausesrecrystallizationofthegangueandthesul?demineralsofthe?rstone,whichcomplicatesthedistinctionbetweenbothphases.AreviewoftheavailablemicrothermometricandtheoregeochronologicaldataontheCopperbeltinboththeDemocraticRepublicofCongoandZambiasupportstheregionalpresenceofthetwoCuCCophasesproposedinthisstudy.Basedonthisreview,itisalsosuggestedthatthesul?desofthesecondCuCCophaseformedduringamultistagesyn-orogenicsystemofmineralization/remobili-zationthatcausedanenrichmentoftheoredeposits.ThetwoCuCCophasesproposedhereandtheircontrasting?uidsystemsindicatethat,atleast,twometallogenicmodelsshouldbeconsideredfortheoriginoftheso-calledstratiformhypogeneCuCComineralizationintheCopperbelt,i.e.,anearlydiagenetichydrothermalmodelforthe?rstphase(Muchezetal.,2008)andasyn-orogenicmodelforthesecondone.FutureresearchintheCopperbelt,e.g.,geochemicalanalysesongangueand/orsul?demineralsforcharacterizing/tracingtheoresshouldtakeintoaccountthepresenceof,atleast,thesetwohypogeneCuCCophases,theircontrasting?uidsystemsandthepossibleoverprintofthe?rstphasebythesecondone.Futureresearchcouldalsoaimtoidentifywhetherthe?uidofthesecondCuCCophasehasintroducednewmetalsand/orjustremobilizedthepre-existingsul?desoftheearlierphaseforminghighgradeoredepositsintheCopperbelt.AcknowledgmentsThePh.D.researchofHamdyElDesoukyis?nancedbytheDevelopmentCo-operationScholarshipsProgrammeoftheKatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven.The?nancialsupportoftheFWO-Vlaanderen(ResearchGrantG.0414.08)isalsogreatlyacknowledged.ThankstoHermanNijsforthesamplepreparationandtotheForrestInternationalGroupforaccesstotheLuiswishimineandsamples.Thepaperhasbene?tedfromtheconstructivecommentsandsuggestionsbyThierryDePutter,ananonymousreviewer,andbytheEditor-in-ChiefNigelJ.Cook.ThankstoEricPirard(UniversityofLiege,Belgium)forthepermissiontostudytheKamotoboreholeF120.ConstructivecommentsbyJimReynoldsandJamieWilkinsonhavesigni?cantlyimprovedtheinitialversionofthispaper.WewouldalsoliketoacknowledgethestimulatingdiscussionswithStijnDewaele,WouterHeijlen,MaartenHaest,MurrayHitzman,andDavidSelley.ReferencesAnnels,A.E.,1989.OregenesisintheZambianCopperbeltwithparticularreferencetothenorthernsectoroftheChambishibasin.GeologicalAssociationofCanada,SpecialPaper36,427C452.Armstrong,R.A.,Master,S.,Robb,L.J.,2005.GeochronologyoftheNchangaGranite,andconstraintsonthemaximumageoftheKatangaSupergroup,ZambianCopperbelt.JournalofAfricanEarthScience42,41C60.Audeoud,D.,Moine,B.,Poty,B.,1984.Minéralisationsuraniféresetmilieuxcon?nésauShaba.Gréco,vol.52.SociétédeGéologieAppliquée,Paris.Banks,D.A.,Giuliani,G.,Yardley,B.W.D.,Cheilletz,A.,2000.EmeraldmineralisationinColombia:?uidchemistryandtheroleofbrinemixing.MineraliumDeposita35,699C713.Barra,F.,Broughton,D.,Ruiz,J.,Hitzman,M.,2004.Multi-stagemineralizationintheZambianCopperbeltbaseonReCOsconstraints[abs.].GeologicalSocietyofAmericaAbstractswithPrograms36(no.5),516.Bartholomé,P.,1974.Onthediageneticformationoforesinsedimentarybeds,withspecialreferencetoKamoto,Shaba,Za?re.In:Bartholomé,P.(Ed.),GisementsStratiformesetProvincesCupriféres.CentenairedelaSociétéGéologiquedeBelgique,Liége,pp.203C213.Bartholomé,P.,Evrard,P.,Katekesha,F.,Lopez-Ruiz,J.,Ngongo,M.,1972.Diageneticore-formingprocessesatKamoto,Katanga,RepublicoftheCongo.In:Amstutz,G.C.,Bernard,A.J.(Eds.),Oresinsediments.Springer-Verlag,Heidelberg,pp.21C41.Bateman,A.M.,1930.OresofthenorthRhodesianCopperbelt.EconomicGeology25,365C418.Batumike,M.J.,Cailteux,J.L.H.,Kampunzu,A.B.,2007.Lithostratigraphy,basindevel-opment,basemetaldeposits,andregionalcorrelationsoftheNeoproterozoicNgubaandKundelungurocksuccessions,CentralAfricanCopperbelt.GondwanaResearch11,432C447.Becker,S.P.,Fall,A.,Bodnar,R.J.,2008.Synthetic?uidinclusions.XVII.1PVTXpropertiesofhighsalinityH2OCNaClsolutions(N30wt.%NaCl):applicationto?uidinclusionsthathomogenizebyhalitedisappearancefromporphyrycopperandotherhydrothermaloredeposits.EconomicGeology103,539C554.Bodnar,R.J.,1993.RevisedequationandtablefordeterminingthefreezingpointdepressionofH2OCNaClsolutions.GeochimicaetCosmochimicaActa57,683C684.Bodnar,R.J.,2003.Reequilibrationof?uidinclusions.In:Samson,I.,Anderson,A.,Marshall,D.(Eds.),FluidInclusions:AnalysisandInterpretation.ShortCourse,vol.32.MineralogicalAssociationofCanada,pp.213C231.Bodnar,R.J.,Binns,P.R.,Hall,D.L.,1989.Synthetic?uidinclusions.VI.Quantitativeevalua-tionofthedecrepitationbehaviorof?uidinclusionsinquartzatoneatmospherecon?ningpressure.JournalofMetamorphicGeology7,229C242.Brems,D.,Muchez,Ph.,Sikazwe,O.,Mukumba,W.,2009.MetallogenesisoftheNkanacopperCcobaltSouthOrebo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