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For the 1955 film, see .
Adriana Lecouvreur is an
in four acts by
to an Italian
by , based on the 1849 play
and . It was first performed on 6 November 1902 in Milan.
The same play by Scribe and Legouvé which served as a basis for Cilea's librettists was also used by at least three different librettists for operas carrying exactly the same name, Adriana Lecouvreur, and created by three different composers. The first was an opera in three acts by
(premiered in Milan in 1857). The next two were lyric dramas in 4 acts by Edoardo Vera (to a libretto by Achille de Lauzières) which premiered in Lisbon in 1858, and by Ettore Perosio (to an anonymous libretto), premiered in Geneva in 1889. After Cilea created his own Adriana, however, none of those by others were performed anymore and they remain largely unknown today.
The opera is based on the life of the French actress
(). While there are some actual historical figures in the opera, the episode it recounts is largely fictional, its death-by-poisoned violets
often signalled as
opera's least realistic. It is often condemned as being among the most confusing texts ever written for the stage, and cuts that have often been made in performance only make the story harder to follow.[] The running time of a typical modern performance is about 135 minutes (excluding intervals).
The opera premiered at the Teatro Lirico, Milan, on 6 November 1902, with the well-known verismo soprano
in the title role,
in the role of Maurizio, and the lyric baritone
as Michonnet.
The opera was first performed in the United States by the
on January 5, 1907 at the
in New Orleans with
in the title role. It gained its
premiere on 18 November 1907 (in a performance starring
and Caruso). It had a run of only three performances that season, however, due in large part to Caruso's ill-health. Subsequently, it was revived at the Met from time until a new production was commissioned in 1963. That 1963 production continued to be remounted at the same theatre, with differing casts, for the next few decades. It was in the lead role of this opera that the Spanish tenor
made his Met debut in 1968, alongside
in the title role. He sang again in Adriana Lecouvreur in February 2009, although his voice was by then in decline.[]
The title role in Adriana Lecouvreur has always been a favorite of sopranos with large voices, which tend to sit less at the very top of their range. This part has a relatively low
but requires great vocal power, and is a meaty and challenging one to tackle on a dramatic level – especially during the work's so-called "Recitation" and death scene.[] Famous Adrianas of the past 75 years have included , , , , , , , , and .
tackled the role at the
in 2010 with
as Maurizio.
A recording of part of the opera's last act duet "No, più nobile", rejigged into a self-contained tenor aria, was made by Caruso as early as 1902 for the
in Milan and its affiliates, with Cilea at the piano.
In 's 1990 complete performance of the work, with Dame
as the female lead, the Australian conductor
made sure that he restored a long-lost passage that Cilea had cut originally from the score. Its restoration made the opera's plot more transparent.[]
Premiere cast, November 6, 1902
(Conductor: )
Adriana Lecouvreur (), a famous actress
Maurizio (), Count of Saxony
Princess de Bouillon
Edvige Ghibaudo
Prince de Bouillon
Edoardo Sottolana
The Abbé de Chazeuil
Enrico Giordani
Michonnet, a stage manager
Mlle Jouvenot
Mlle Dangeville
mezzo-soprano
Major-domo
Place: Paris
Time: 1730
Backstage at the
Preparing for a performance, the company bustle around Michonnet, the stage manager. The Prince de Bouillon, admirer of the actress Duclos, is with his companion, the Abbé. Adriana enters reciting. Complimented, she sings 'Io son l'umile ancella' ("I am the humble servant of the creative spirit"). The Prince hears that Duclos is writing a letter, and arranges for its interception. Left alone with Adriana, Michonnet wants to express his love for her. However, Adriana explains she has a lover: Maurizio, a soldier in the service of the Count of Saxony. She is unaware that Maurizio is in reality the count himself. He enters and declares his love for Adriana, 'La dolcissima effigie'. They agree to meet after the performance. Adriana gives him some violets to put in his buttonhole. The Prince and the Abbé return. They have obtained the letter from Duclos, in which she requests a meeting with Maurizio later that evening near the Prince's villa. The Prince decides to arrange a party for the company at the villa in order to expose Duclos and Maurizio. He sends Duclos's letter on to Maurizio, who then cancels his appointment with Adriana. After receiving his notification on stage, she agrees to join the Prince's party.
A villa by the Seine
The Princess de Bouillon, not the actress Duclos, is waiting for Maurizio and expresses her love for him: 'Acerba voluttà, dolce tortura'. When he enters, she sees the violets and asks how he came by them. Maurizio presents them to her. Nevertheless, despite being grateful for her help at court, he admits he no longer loves her. Although she guesses he has a lover, he won't reveal her name. The Prince and the Abbé suddenly arrive and the Princess hides. Maurizio realizes they think he is with Duclos. Adriana enters and learns Maurizio's true identity. He tells Adriana the assignation was political. They must arrange the escape of the woman who is in hiding. Adriana trusts him and agrees to help. During the intermezzo that follows, the house is darkened, which Adriana uses to tell the Princess she can escape. However, the two women are mutually suspicious and the rescue attempt turns into a blazing quarrel before the Princess finally leaves. The stage manager Michonnet notices that the Princess has dropped a bracelet, which he gives to Adriana.
The H?tel de Bouillon
Maurizio has been imprisoned for debt, whilst the Princess is desperate to discover the identity of her rival. The Prince, who has an interest in chemistry, is storing a powerful poison that the government has asked him to analyze. At a reception given by the Prince and Princess, guests note the arrival of Michonnet and Adriana. The Princess thinks she recognizes the latter's voice. When the Princess announces that Maurizio has been wounded in a duel, Adriana faints. However, soon afterwards, when Maurizio enters uninjured, Adriana is ecstatic. He sings of his war exploits, 'Il russo Mencikoff'. A ballet is performed: the 'Judgement of Paris'. Adriana learns that the bracelet Michonnet found belongs to the Princess. In growing recognition that they are rivals for Maurizio's affection, the Princess and Adriana challenge each other. When the former pointedly suggests that Adriana should recite a scene from 'Ariadne abandoned', the Prince asks instead for a scene from . Adriana uses the final lines of the text to make a headstrong attack on the Princess, who determines to have her revenge.
A room in Adriana's house
Michonnet is waiting. Adriana is consumed with anger and jealousy. Members of the theatre company come to visit her, bringing her presents on her name day and trying to persuade her to return to the theatre. Michonnet has retrieved a diamond necklace, previously pawned by Adriana to help Maurizio pay off his debts. A casket is delivered with a note from Maurizio. Adriana looks at the note and immediately feels unwell. She looks in the box and takes out the faded violets that she had once given Maurizio in the theatre. She is hurt that he should send them back to her. She kisses the flowers, 'Poveri fiori', and throws them in the fire. Maurizio enters. He wishes to marry her. Although they embrace, he realises she is shaking. Maurizio tells her that he didn't send the flowers. She becomes deranged. Michonnet and Maurizio realize that she has been poisoned. For a moment, she becomes lucid again, 'ecco la luce', but then dies.
(Adriana Lecouvreur,
La Principessa di Bouillon,
Maurizio, Michonnet)
Conductor,
Opera House and Orchestra
Orchestra and Chorus, Milan
Orchestra and Chorus, Milan
CD: Cetra Opera Collection – Warner Fonit
Orchestra and Chorus, Naples (live recording)
CD: Opera D'Oro
and Chorus, Rome
Orchestra and Chorus (live recording)
CD: Opera D'Oro
Cat: OPD-1194
Orchestra and Chorus
(Recording of a performance in the War Memorial Opera House, San Francisco, September)
CD: Myto Records
Cat: 2MCD 005 234
CD: CBS Records
Cat: M2K 79310
Gianandrea Gavazzeni,
La Scala Orchestra and Chorus, Milan
DVD: Opus Arte
Cat: OALS 3011D
Orchestra and Chorus, Cardiff, Wales
Cat: 475 7906
La Scala Orchestra and Chorus, Milan
(Audio and video recordings of a performance (or of performances) at La Scala, January)
DVD: TDK "Mediactive"
Cat: DV-OPADL
Audio CD: The Opera Lovers
Cat: ADR 200001
However, for the reference on how widespread in the 18th century problem of poisoning was one could read the chapter on the "Slow Poisoners" within
(pp. 565–592).
Olivero returned to the stage in 1951, after a ten-year retirement, at Cilea's insistent request that she agree to perform the role of Adriana (Rosenthal, H. and , "Olivero, Magda", The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 1979, pp. 358–359; ).
Christiansen, Rupert (19 November 2010). . The Daily Telegraph (London) 2015.
The synopsis by Simon Holledge was first published at
and appears here by permission.
Retrieved 30 July 2012
(German) (Italian)
Kobbé, Gustav (1976). . New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. .
: Hidden categories:> 四十位女高音精选集 第二辑
四十位女高音精选集 第二辑
Les 40 Sopranos Vol.II
1、我亲爱的爸爸（选自《贾尼·斯基基》） Gianni Schicchi: "O mio babbino caro"
2、怜爱之花（选自《阿德里安娜·勒库夫勒》） Adriana Lecouvreur: "Poveri fiori"
3、爱情像只自由鸟（哈巴涅拉）（选自《卡门》，第一幕） Carmen: Habanera "L'amour est un oiseau rebelle"
4、天空中的点点繁星（选自《拉克美》） Lakme: "Sous le ciel tout etoile"
5、温和的给予你一个甜美的梦（选自《拉克美》） Lakme: "Tu m'as donne le plus doux reve"
6、天堂般的爱情（选自《美丽的海伦》） La belle Helene: "Amours divins"
7、比茹的咏叹调：“哦上帝……啊！我笑了”（选自《浮士德》，第三幕） Faust: Air des bijoux "O dieu... Ah! je ris"
8、啊！我想活在这梦幻里（选自《罗密欧与朱丽叶》，第一幕） Romeo et Juliette: Ah! je veux vivre dans le reve
9、《菊花夫人》 选曲 Madame Chrysantheme: Le jour sous le soleil beni
10、我有两个爱人（选自《爱情的面具》） L'Amour masque: "J'ai deux amants"
11、请你说我很漂亮（选自《泰伊思》） Thais: "Dis-moi que je suis belle"
12、《曼侬》 选曲 Manon: "Allons, il le faut... Adieu, notre petite table"
13、《埃罗底亚德》 选曲 Herodiade: "Il est doux, il est bon"
14、微风呵（选自《罗恩格林》，第二幕） Lohengrin: "Euch luften"
15、您的船只在海上行驶（选自《漂泊的荷兰人》，第二幕） Le vaisseau fantome: "Johohoe! traft ihr das Schiff"
16、哦，尊贵的圣殿（选自《汤豪塞》，第二幕） Tannhauser: "Dich, teure Halle"
17、他就这么走了（选自《玫瑰骑士》） Der Rosenkavalier: "Da geht er hin"
18、那样很好，曼德利卡（选自《阿拉贝拉》） Arabella: "Das war sehr gut, Mandryka"
19、《水仙女》 选曲 Rusalka: "Mesicku na nebi hlubokem"
20、柳芭夏咏叹调（选自《沙皇的新娘》） La fiancee du tsar: "Air de lioubasha"
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专辑名称：四十位女高音精选集 第二辑/Les 40 Sopranos Vol.II
所属厂牌：EMI Music France
出版日期：2002
作曲家：贾科莫·普契尼/Giacomo Puccini
指挥：安东尼奥·帕帕诺/Antonio Pappano
表演者：安吉拉·乔治乌（女高音）/Angela Gheorghiu
表演团体：伦敦交响乐团/London Symphony O
理查·施特劳斯
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